Теория:
To speak about health problems, you need the appropriate vocabulary.

toothache – зубная боль
broken arm/leg – сломанная рука/нога
sore throat – боль в горле
cold – простуда
flu – грипп
temperature – температура
headache – головная боль
stomachache – боль в животе
earache – боль в ухе
backache – боль в спине
running nose – насморк
Examples:
I can’t go to the park because I have the flu.
She has a toothache. She must visit the dentist.
Источники:
http://www.fatherfitness.co.uk/3-health-problems-you-shouldnt-ignore